CTA Swapper Test Post

CTA Swapper Test Post SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips ACT eBook ACT Signup SAT Signup Have companions who likewise need assistance with test prep? Offer this article! Tweet Allen Cheng About the Author As prime supporter and head of item structure at PrepScholar, Allen has guided a huge number of understudies to accomplishment in SAT/ACT prep and school affirmations. He's focused on giving the best assets to enable you to succeed. Allen moved on from Harvard University summa cum laude and earned two ideal scores on the SAT (1600 of every 2004, and 2400 out of 2014) and an ideal score on the ACT. You can likewise discover Allen on his own site, Shortform, or the Shortform blog. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on the most proficient method to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-buy in bless your heart', css: '.post-base .hs-form.stacked name {display:none;} .post-base .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; cushioning left: 300px;} .post-base .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-base .btn-essential, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; cushioning left:350px} .post-base .hs-structure field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(.exclusive-tip-structure #hubspot-container2 label).hide(); }); work replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(.posts-by-theme h3), h2); }) Pose an Inquiry BelowHave any inquiries concerning this article or different points? Ask underneath and we'll answer! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.20df8524-ad69-4fb9-b0a8-2b8d82a4f5c8'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); assuming (bogus) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('- ').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); on the off chance that (win) { /Browser has permitted it to be opened win.focus(); } else { /Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ on the off chance that (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points Instructions to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Arrangement: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Arrangement: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points The most effective method to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Arrangement: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Arrangement: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score would it be a good idea for you to focus on? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score Instructions to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League Instructions to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA Step by step instructions to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT simpler than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Would it be advisable for you to retake your SAT or ACT? When would it be a good idea for you to take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Discover How Remain Informed Get the most recent articles and test prep tips! Searching for Graduate School Test Prep? Look at our top of the line graduate online journals here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Rap up the Violence free essay sample

Cash is frequently an issue for youngsters so they go to carrying out violations to get the things they see rapper wearing. In The Music of Violence by John Lingua , it says, numerous law-implementation operators state the rap scene stirs pack life, gunplay and phlebotomy. The article additionally says that the producers of the recordings and the music demand culture doesnt cause wrongdoing, It just reports It. Rap music and recordings got well known in the asss, and as history has demonstrated savagery was spinning out of control route before rap hit the scene. In todays society packs are nearly the norm.Low salary families now and again depend on the pay that is made by posse savagery so as to endure. It is a confusion that youngsters gaze upward or overlook the conduct on rap recordings, when actually its that they identify with It. In Brent Staples article The Hip-Hop Media he expresses that female rapper I-II Kim went to Jail for not helping out the police. When gotten some information about an occurrence Involving individuals from her record name All Kim, as indicated by The Hip-Hop Media, misremembered the occasions of shootout that took occurred at the well known radio broadcast Hot 97 . On the boulevards not squealing resembles an implicit code. It isn't really reverence these young people feel, however perhaps a feeling of having the option to relate. Rap music is assuming the fault for everything. In the article Study Raps Rap Vided It says that little youngsters attempt to imitate what they see on rap recordings. Style magazines ,TV, and films have Just as a lot of a negative effect on little youngsters as rap music. Numerous young ladies today are hurting their selves so as to resemble the big names. The pictures that Brittany Spears, Lindsey Loan, and Paris Hilton depict are Just as hurtful as the verses in some rap melodies. In the tune Ignorant Sit by paper Jay Z he raps Surface the film accomplished more than Surface the rapper to me. Still that mint the fault for all the sit that transpired . It is safe to say that you are state what Im spitting, Is more awful than these celebrants demonstrating their cat, would you say you are joking? Lets stop the release till we as a whole without transgression, lets quit the podium Ins. In the event that we are going to consider one type of amusement answerable for our adolescents activities and qualities we should consider them all dependable. The Capital Journal article Hip-Hops Rap Sheet hit the nail on the head by saying rap is a substitute for a greater problem.There are a wide range of sorts of rap music. Some of it isn't intended for the youthful brain, It is the guardians duty to decide the development level of todays to pine for what they see. In the event that rap recordings and rough games are generally young people see, that turns into the good example. With direction young people will recognize what is reality and what is parameterized for diversion esteem. When bringing up kids guardians have an obligation to plant the seed, water the seed, and support that seed until it has matured.If great ethics and qualities are imparted in adolescents by the guardians rap sic can have the worth it is intended to have, amusement. Belgrade, Squeamish. Youth Violence Regencies. Com. 15 Par. 2008. In this article the writer Squeamish Belgrade, Jar. Is states that the term dark on dark viciousness, has been change by the media to a progressively nonexclusive term youth brutality. as another methodology toward old issue, as opposed to accusing wayward marginalia networks. He is stating in laymans terms he is stating that this issue has spread from the urban basic solidarities to the rural communities.Carter, Shawn. Uninformed SSH*T. By Jay Z. Race. Novo. 2007. Uninformed SSH*T. Hard of hearing Jam Recordings, November 2007. This melody is discussing individuals loathing Lousy) on Jay Z due to his fame and achievement. It likewise tells how the media says that rap music has a negative effect on the adolescent. Jay Z expresses that a few films had a greater amount of an effect on him than some rap melodies. Likewise how celebrates do negative things and the media commends it Dotting, Randy Study Raps Rap Videos. Restorative News Reporter. 6 Mar. 2006. 25 Par. 008. This articles discusses how Rap music has a negative effect on young ladies. It tells that young ladies who watch a high percent of rap recordings are mineral liable to get in a tough situation and to contract Studs than young ladies who observe practically no rap recordings. Hip-Hops Rap Sheet. Capital Journal Online. 24 Jan. 2008. 25 Par. 2008 . This publication is looking at censuring Gangster Rap. It additionally chats on that may rap music is a substitute for a more concerning issue in the public eye. How forbidding Rap music it might make a greater problem.This article hit home since it is written in a paper that is up close and personal, Topeka. Hopkins, Joe C. Criminal Rap. Pasadena Journal. 31 Cot. 2003. 15 Par. 2008. The publication is discussing Black on Black wrongdoing. How the US was so disturbed when a white cop pummeled a youthful dark man on the hood of a vehicle, nobody gets annoyed with the day by day killings in the huge urban communities of youthful dark men by other dark men. It additionally discusses how some rapper advance their picture as hooligans or pimps. Lingua, John. The Music of savagery. palmettos. Mother. 11 June 2007. 23 Par. 2008 . This article discusses how rap recordings that are shot in neighborhoods has a negative effect on that area. How shooting in low salary networks just took care of in to the generalization about urban road brutality. Micrometer, John H. How Hip-Hop Hold Blacks Back. City Journal. 10 June 2003. 25 Par. 2008. This article is masculine about how Rap advanced from carefree move music to criminal music. It additionally discusses how dark adolescents, generally male, live their live as indicated by the verses in rap music.Reed, William. Rap, Records, Revenues, and Refrain. The Washington Informer. 3 May 207. 15 Par. 2008. This article is about how over 10 years after C. Dolores Tucker grumbled about the offense language in rap music the language is still there. In this article the discussion is climate rap music is a piece of the First Amendment. Staples, Brent. The Hip-Hop Media-a World Where Really tending to the detainment of the rapper Ill Kim for misremembering actuality encompassing a case including individuals from her rap label.The article doesn't state that rap music causes brutality among youngsters it talk progressively around one rapper specifically, Ill Kim Staples, Brent. How Hip Hop Music Lost. New York Mimes. 12 May 2005. 25 Par. 2008. This article discusses how the rap music isn't just causing savagery among adolescents, yet that rappers themselves are kicking the bucket in view of supposed beefing. Beefing is when two rappers or rap bunch make melody that talk effectively about another rapper metal gathering.

Virtual Teaching Best Practices

Virtual Teaching Best Practices Julie, Head of Content and Curriculum for TeacherVision, draws on her own virtual teaching experience to share the tips and strategies for success. by Julie Mason When you first begin teaching virtually, you may realize that it requires new and additional skills. You will learn as you teach, but it can be helpful to know some virtual teaching best practices prior to your first online teaching job. I was a virtual instructional coach for two years. I met with 70 teachers twice a month for 30 minutes, and all of our coaching work was done online through Zoom, a video conferencing platform. Many of the tips and strategies I share below come directly from my own virtual teaching experience. We partnered with VIPKid to bring you all the virtual teaching best practices that you need so that your online lessons run smoothly, and you begin your classes with a set of virtual teaching best practices in your toolbox. For more resources about online teaching, make sure you check out our online teaching hub. Test Your Equipment Technology doesn’t always work. A spotty internet connection or a frozen computer screen can derail the lesson when you are teaching online. When I was a virtual instructional coach, I started each day by testing all of my equipment before I met with teachers. This way, if my microphone wasn’t working or my computer battery was low, I could troubleshoot and fix any challenges before my teaching began. Bring Self-Awareness To Your Body Language and Expressions It can feel more challenging to connect with a student across a computer screen. Your body language conveys to your student that you are present and engaged in the lesson or you aren’t. If someone rings your doorbell while you are teaching, and you turn your head away from the screen or get up out of your seat, that will likely distract both you and your student. Make sure that your face is facing your student, and that you are nodding your head, using your hands, and making positive facial expressions to show your student that you are right there with him. Because of the importance of body language to convey meaning, especially when teaching language, VIPKid shares resources with their teachers about incorporating Total Physical Response (TPR). Say Your Student’s Name One of my favorite virtual teaching best practices is to say my student’s name throughout the lesson. This can be especially helpful in developing a connection with your student. When you say your student’s name at the end of a sentence, he knows that you are present and engaged in the lesson and that the experience is truly tailored to him. Turn Off Your Notifications It can be very distracting when you are listening to a student’s question and just when you are about to respond, a notification pops up on your computer screen or you computer makes a sound signalling that you have received an email. Before you begin your online classes, make sure that you snooze or turn off notifications, which can distract both you and your student. Eliminate Interruptions If you are teaching online at home, it is likely that someone else might be there too. Maybe you have children or roommates. Maybe you are expecting a package delivery or your neighbor mentioned she might drop by to return some books she borrowed from you. When you work at home, it can be more challenging to set boundaries that separate working from being at home. If an electrician is coming to your house or you know your children will be playing near your work space, don’t schedule online classes during that time or ask a friend, your partner or your mom to be at home to make sure you aren’t interrupted. Maybe your dishwasher is really loud or your roommates are planning to have friends over. In either case, communicate your schedule ahead of time to avoid unnecessary interruptions. It can help to have a dedicated space for your teaching, and because it’s online, you often don’t need much space. Always Have a Plan B A long silence can feel especially uncomfortable in a virtual setting. The screen freezes or the internet connection drops and you’ve lost your student. If your student doesn’t know what to do when this happens, it could derail your lesson. It can be helpful to have a plan B for when issues arise, and let your student know what to do when those issues come up. Be patient and know that sometimes with technology there will be challenges outside of your control. Do your best to have a backup plan and communicate it clearly. Take A Screen Break When you are teaching in a classroom you are up on your feet, and you are rarely looking at a computer screen. In order to maintain your health, make sure that you take a break from your computer in between online classes or when your teaching ends. Get up and move around as you will be seated while you are teaching (or some online teachers alternate with a standing desk too). Rest your eyes so you don’t strain them. It can be helpful to set reminders on your computer or phone to pause and take screen breaks. These virtual teaching best practices will set you up for success and make your online teaching run smoothly. For additional resources on online teaching best practices, visit our online teaching hub. What are your tips and tools for virtual teaching? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Julie Mason is the Head of Curriculum and Content for TeacherVision. She taught middle and high school English for eight years, and then worked as an instructional coach, supporting K-12 teachers to blend and personalize their classrooms. She has a BA in English from Connecticut College, and an MA in English Education from New York University.

Brokered Convention - Definition

A brokered convention occurs when none of the presidential candidates enters their party’s national convention having won enough delegates during the primaries and caucuses to secure the nomination. As a result, none of the candidates are able to win the nomination on the first ballot, a rare event in modern political history that forces delegates and party elite to engage in convention-floor jockeying for votes and multiple rounds of balloting to reach a nomination. A brokered convention is different from an â€Å"open convention,† in which none of the delegates are pledged to a particular candidate. Pledged delegates are those that are assigned to a specific candidate based on the outcome of a states primary or caucus. In the 2016 Republican presidential contest, 1,237 delegates are needed to secure the nomination. Brokered Convention History Brokered conventions have become rare since the 1800s and early 1900s. In fact, no presidential nomination has gone beyond the first round of balloting since 1952. Since then presumed presidential nominees secure enough delegates for the nomination months before the party conventions. Nomination conventions of the past were lively and unscripted, where party bosses negotiated for votes on the floor. Those in the modern era have become humdrum and anticlimactic, as the nominee has already been chosen through the lengthy primary and caucus process. According to the late New York Times columnist William Safire, writing in Safire’s Political Dictionary, brokered conventions of the past were â€Å"dominated by factional party leaders and favorite sons, who dealt directly or through ‘neutral leaders’† or power brokers. â€Å"As the state primary or caucus system has taken over, the outcome has become rarely in doubt,† according to Safire. â€Å" †¦ The convention then becomes more of a coronation, much like what usually happens when an incumbent president is a candidate for renomination.† Why Brokered Conventions Are Rare One of the most significant developments of the 20th century helped to make brokered conventions a rarity: television. Delegates and party bosses did want to expose viewers to the ugly machinations and brutal horse-trading of the nomination process. â€Å"It is no coincidence that brokered conventions ended after networks began to televise them,† political scientists G. Terry Madonna and Michael Young wrote in 2007. The 1952 Republican National Convention, though settled on the first ballot when Dwight Eisenhower beat Robert Taft, â€Å"appalled thousands who watched it on TV. Since that time, both parties try mightily to orchestrate their convention as a political love feast - lest they antagonize viewers who will be voters in November,† according to Madonna and Young. Most Recent Republican Brokered Conventions For Republicans, the most recent brokered convention was in 1948, which also happened to be the first televised national convention. The top contenders were New York Gov.  Thomas Dewey, U.S. Sen. Robert A. Taft of Ohio, and former Minnesota Gov. Harold Stassen. Dewey failed to win enough votes to win the nomination in the first round of balloting, getting 434 votes to Tafts 224 and Stassens 157. Dewey inched closer in the second round with 515 votes, but his opponents tried to create a bloc of votes against him. They failed, and on the third ballot, both Taft and Stassen withdrew from the contest, giving Dewey all 1,094 delegate votes. He later lost to Harry S. Truman. Republicans came close to having another brokered convention in 1976, when President Gerald Ford only narrowly won the nomination over Ronald Reagan on the first ballot. Most Recent Democratic Brokered Conventions For Democrats, the most recent brokered convention was in 1952, when Illinois Gov. Adlai Stevenson won the nomination in three rounds of balloting. His closest rivals were U.S. Sen. Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee and U.S. Sen. Richard B. Russell of Georgia. Stevenson went on to lose the general election that year to Eisenhower. Democrats came close to having another brokered convention, though, in 1984, when Vice President Walter Mondale needed the votes of super delegates to beat Gary Hart at the convention. Longest Brokered Convention The most ballots cast in a brokered convention was in 1924, when it took 103 rounds of voting for Democrats to nominate John Davis, according to Madonna and Young. He later lost the presidential contest to Calvin Coolidge.

Comparison of Mr. Wickhams and Elizabeths Attitude...

Comparison of Mr. Wickhams and Elizabeths Attitude Towards Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice The novel, Pride and Prejudice revolves around a mother of five daughters, Mrs. Bennet, whose sole purpose is to marry off her daughters to suitable men. Her eldest, Jane, is her most prized daughter. Mrs. Bennet is assured that Janes beauty and meticulous manners will win her a prized husband. In the end Mrs. Bennet succeeds in marrying her to a husband and in addition she gets Lydia and Elizabeth married too; Jane to Mr Bingley, Lydia to Mr. Wickham and Elizabeth to Mr. Darcy. Pride and Prejudice is an enduringly popular 19th century novel written by the English author Jane Austen. The†¦show more content†¦Also that he had no money of his own too. Finally Mr. Wickham decides to run away with Lydia, which eventually turns out to be a good thing for Mr. Wickham. The Bennetts thought that they would get bad name now and that they would never get Janeor any of their daughters for that matter, to marry a man of great fortune. No man would want to marry a woman who has a family with a bad reputation. This is when Darcy comes in and helps out by finding both Lydia and Mr. Wickham. He pays Mr. Wickham ten thousand pounds to marry Lydia. But Mr. Bennet thinks Mr. Wickham is a fool to take Lydia with a farthing less than ten thousand pounds. In the end this saves the Bennet family from a bad reputation and shame. Mr. Wickham ends up marrying Lydia. So all in all it seems that Mr. Wickham was generally looking for a woman with money enough to live with and have an ordinary life with the exception that he had taken a liking to Elizabeth when he arrived in to Meryton. Elizabeth a woman looking for romance and love takes a liking towards Mr. Wickham when she meets him at his arrival to Meryton, but she knows that they can not be together for it would be a hard life with Mr. Wickham as an officer in the regiments. Then Elizabeth is cautioned by Charlotte toShow MoreRelatedPride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1423 Words   |  6 PagesAusten uses Pride and Prejudice as a means to express her views on marriage, without being didactic. She frequently satirises views which oppose her own. Austen was a believer that men and women should be more equal. This view was also shared by feminist activist Mary Wollstonecraft, who had once said, â€Å"virtue can only flourish among equal†. However, Wollstonecraft disliked the social hierarchy, whereas Austen respected it and thought whoever was at the â€Å"top†, deserved to be there. Austen believedRead More The Importance of Jane Austens Letters in Pride and Prejudice3360 Words   |  14 PagesThe Importance of Jane Austens Letters in Pride and Prejudice In Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice letters are used to indicate a change in direction of the plot or to form narrative crisis points. Jane Austen successfully weaves her letters into the natural narrative of the dialogue and description. It is suggested that Jane Austen developed her epistolary mode of writing from many other 18th Century authors such as Samuel Richardson, whose novels are written completely Read MoreDecisions Made by Women in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen2538 Words   |  11 Pagesby Women in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife This opening paragraph of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin has become one of the most famous sentences in English literature. It states that the novel will explore the theme of marriage. Jane Austen lived in an opinionated world and this is reflected in her novel. In Pride and Prejudice no secret is

Marketing Analysis Mayo Clinic Free Essays

Marketing Analysis: Mayo Clinic December 14, 2012 Marketing Analysis: Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic: is in the business of providing patient care through their many different Clinics and hospitals. They are ranked number two as one of the top twenty hospitals for heart and heart surgery per the Forbes list of top hospitals, and they ranked seventy one out of one hundred in the top one hundred places to work (Forbes, 2012). The Mayo Clinics are a not-for-profit hospital and teaching center that is renown throughout the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Analysis: Mayo Clinic or any similar topic only for you Order Now They became known as the hospital that treats the diseases no other facility or physician want to treat. They have over thirty eight hundred physicians and scientist as well as over fifty thousand Allied health care workers on their payroll. They also have thirty six hundred medical residents, fellows and students through their medical schools. Their slogan is â€Å"We strive to turn the impossible into the possible† (Mayo Clinic Annual Report, 2011). â€Å"The Mayo Clinic cared for more than one million patients at its campuses in Minnesota, Florida, Arizona and Mayo Clinic Health System, a network of clinics, hospitals and health care facilities serving more than seventy communities in Minnesota, Iowa and Wisconsin† (Mayo Clinic Annual Report, 2011, pg. 7, para4). From their beginning in 1863, William Worrall Mayo insisted on standards that would be considered innovative for the time. And as the demand for their services increased, they formed a team of doctors and researchers and became â€Å"the first private integrated group practice. † Initially this practice of teamwork among doctors was viewed as unconventional, but soon patients realized the advantages of the pooled resources, having doctors and scientist under the same roof with knowledge and skills, patients and student came from around the world to learn and be treated (Dickson, 2012). Mayo Clinic over one hundred years ago made it clear through its mission and vision that the patients’ interests would not be served well if doctors were competing with each other. William Mayo emphasized that making a commitment to the patient; doctors must make a commitment to each other: â€Å"Continuing interest by every member of the staff in the professional progress of every other member,† would be vital to nourishing the organization’s future. Patients are the Mayo Clinic’s first priority and they do not base care on a patient’s ability to pay. Most of the staff is not even aware of a patient’s status, which allows them to give the patients the best care possible without having to worry about being paid (Mayo Clinic, nd). The Mayo Clinic has some fierce competition, such as Johns Hopkins Hospital. Johns Hopkins is an institution with a mission to† improve the health of our community and the world by setting the standard of excellence in patient care. † They also advertise with commercials on television, radio, and in the newspaper. They have internet Social media marketing in place and through their multi-media relations staff, they are able to pierce the market of patients within the United States and abroad. (Johns Hopkins Hospital, nd). The services they offer are comparable to The Mayo Clinic and both are rated in the top 25 best hospitals to work for by HealthExecNews. com. However, Johns Hopkins did not make the top 100 list for Forbes. The four â€Å"P’s† (Product, Place, Price, Promotion) Product Brand – Mayo Clinic; the name alone is known as a leader in the medical field for their dedicated physicians, scientists and allied health staff that work together as a team to put the needs of the patient first, known as â€Å"The Mayo Effect. † There are three main hospitals and several clinics that offer medical treatments and services as well as training, residencies and fellows for medical professions (Mayo Annual Report, 2011). Product features – Patient satisfaction and quality care given to patients are some of the main reasons that patients choose the Mayo Clinic. Known as the place to go for specializing in treating complex illnesses, patients can receive uninhibited care, regardless of ability to pay (Mayo Clinic, nd). Packaging – The Mayo Clinic is well known throughout the world for their research as well as their teaching facilities for medical professions. In addition, they partner with many facilities to serve communities in five states, while maintaining three main Hospital facilities in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida (Mayo Clinic, nd). Product lines – They have several, mainly books and CD’s on health and wellness. They also have a customer base of over 900,000 people for their Mayo Clinic Health Letter and Mayo Clinic Women’s HealthSource subscriptions, which are mailed monthly with a quarterly special report as part of the subscription. Having tested the market for potential internet subscriptions in 2007, they found many were not interested, but in 2008 the test showed there was more interest in that option (Fletcher, 2010). Place Channels of distribution – Most referrals are from word of mouth; people recommending the organization because of a good experience they had. Media: Mayo utilized the local media by offering their physicians the opportunity to share their expertise with the community through bi-monthly consumer health segments (Weiss, 2009) Internet: Mayo can be found on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Linkedin, and their new patient blog; Sharing MayoClinic (Weiss, 2009). Advertising: Mayo utilizes media through stories and partnerships with the local news as well as sponsoring health events. They do not use mass media advertising and they rely on their reputation (Weiss, 2009). Physician referrals: come from around the world, because Mayo has a reputation of caring for patients others may not want the challenge of caring for or they do not know how to (Weiss, 2009). Physical distribution – Services are administered through care givers and physicians during visits to either the hospital or office visits. The â€Å"Mayo Effect† uses strategies to achieve their goals and mission â€Å"with collaboration, expertise and compassionate commitment to the health and happiness of their patients† (Mayo Annual Report, 2011). Retailing choices – Patients have several choices to receive services, through the hospital, a clinic visit, and now the minute clinic. Mayo has two Minute clinics’ that are a walk-in center and are used to assess and treat minor conditions, and monitor chronic conditions of patients and no appointment is required. The wait time is usually less than 15 minutes. (Keckley, Ph. D. , P. H. , 2008). Inventory decisions – The minute clinics are a new way to see patients that may have less urgent needs such as; sore throat, pink eye, minor cuts and burns, or chronic diseases that may need monitoring. The clinics offer walk-in services to anyone, and they have the ability to look up patient records through Electronic medical records (EMR) leaving no paper record needing to be stored. Centers are being staffed by nurse practitioner and physician assistants with assistance of proprietary technology designed to help diagnose and treat non-serious medical conditions. These centers are now being seen in many pharmacy chain stores and even places like Wal-Mart and Target. Jumping on the band wagon so to speak, Mayo clinic sees the Minute Clinics as a source of patient referrals for their physicians as some patients that come for treatment will be referred to a Mayo Clinic doctor if there is a need for follow up or if their presenting condition needs more treatment then the Minute Clinic can provide (Keckley, Ph. D. , P. H. , 2008). Price Cost-based pricing – Most health care is based on a health insurance system making payments based on a third party payer system, so the price for care is usually set by entities outside of the doctor-patient relationship. Because of this system, providers do not need to compete for patients based on money prices. Medicare sets prices and national policies for health care services, while health insurance companies negotiate with providers for services and they offer incentives to reduce costs and reduce performing unnecessary procedures (Nelson, 2009). Value-based pricing – In comparison, Mayo is a high cost provider when compared to other Minnesota providers, and many insurance providers list Mayo in the bottom of their tiered health plans, based on cost not quality. Mayo may need to charge more to private pay patients to cover the shortfalls from uncompensated care and public payers (Medicare and Medicaid). â€Å"Because public payments rarely cover the cost of care, providers must charge private payers higher rates if they expect to stay in business† (Nelson, 2009,para 15). As we enter into new reforms being designed to cut costs and improve quality care the current system is about to change and we can only hope for the better. Competition-based pricing – The Mayo Clinic is able to keep costs down, because they pay their physicians a salary and not on a fee for services like many other health care organizations do. Being a center for excellence, they rank higher in quality of care than other organizations which gives them an advantage when negotiating with insurance companies on the price for services. Because they have an integrated approach, they perform less unnecessary procedures than other organizations, which will keep a patients overall cost down (Nelson, 2009). Promotion Communication plans – Mayo Clinic is on the cutting edge by initiating an electronic database which allows interaction with other physicians and shared information through an affiliation agreement and e-consultants. With changes coming in the health care delivery system, and payers, Mayo is aggressively expanding their affiliation with other providers. Being known as a center for excellence, they are often called to give a consultation on difficult cases. Becoming an affiliate of the Mayo Clinic gives the provider the ability to use their name in advertising as well as consult with the Mayo Physicians. The goal of Mayo Clinic is â€Å"to be the leader in efforts to get hospitals and physician groups to work together more effectively to improve quality and lower costs† (Graham, 2012). Public relations – Being a pioneer and leading the way is not new for the Mayo Clinic, being one of the first to initiate a Facebook web page that people can write on its wall and share all types of content, is a way of communicating and gaining customers. People are using the site to share stories about their own or a family members experience with the Mayo Clinic. These stories are than shared and â€Å"liked† making this a form of word of mouth. Many will visit the site which also offers information and short videos on different subjects, as well as health support issues. They also have Podcasts that are offered at the iTunes store, and it once reached 29th in the Top 100 (Rollyson, 2008). Advertising – Mayo has not spent a lot of money on advertising and relies on reputation to bring in the patients. However, when they opened the Florida clinic in 2008, patients were not banging down the doors so to speak and they realized they needed to do something to attract the patients (Weiss, 2009). They rely on word of mouth and have taken initiatives that bring awareness to the organization. Having a Facebook page, Twitter, YouTube, Podcasts, local television health segments that allow people to call with concerns or ask questions, monthly new magazine and by sponsoring community health events. Employees are also a source of advertising, many are happy to share the Mayo philosophy (â€Å"the needs of the patient come first†) with others. Sales and selling activity – Being a not for profit organization, they are more concerned with quality as this will bring quantity. The Mayo clinic offers advertising ads and sponsorships in their e-newsletters and magazines as well as community events that promote health awareness. However, their financial goals take a backseat to their mission, which is to focus on the patients and meeting the needs of the patient first. Making themselves present on social media sites as well as sponsoring community events that promote health awareness, they are able to draw attention to their name. Having a strong reputation for quality care and their desire to put the patients’ needs before the need for payment, sets a standard that many organizations could learn from. Overall the Mayo Clinic system and philosophy sets a standard that is in a class of its own. Gaining a reputation that has lasted over a hundred years as one of the best organizations to be a patient of or to work for says a lot for the way they are doing business. Offering other facilities and organizations the opportunity to be affiliated with the Mayo system will continue to bring awareness to the brand and promote their way of helping people, while bring the medical profession together working as a team. Reference: Dickson, F. (2012, May 5). The Mayo Mystique. Marketing Health Services. Retrieved From: http://www. marketingpower. com/ResourceLibrary/MarketingHealthServices/Pages/2012/Spring%202012/The-Mayo-Mystique. aspx Fletcher, H. ( 2010, August). Truth in Advertising. North American Publishing Company. Retrieved from: http://www. targetmarketingmag. com/article/mayo-clinic-puts-straightforward-direct-mail-creative-test/1 Forbes. (2012, July 17). Still the One: Cleveland Clinic Retains Top Spot On US News World Report Heart Hospital Rankings. Forbes. comLLC. Retrieved from: http://www. forbes. com/sites/larryhusten/2012/07/17/still-the-one-cleveland-clinic-retains-top-spot-on-us-news-world-report-heart-hospital-rankings/ Graham, J. , (2012, Aug. 24). Mayo Clinic Seeks to Extend it Reach with Series of Affiliations Around the Country. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved from: http://www. kaiserhealthnews. org/Stories/2012/August/24/Mayo-Clinic-Extends-Reach. aspx Hathaway M. , Seltman, K. (2001, Winter). International Market Research at the Mayo Clinic. Marketing Health Services. How to cite Marketing Analysis: Mayo Clinic, Papers

Uses of Recycled Water in Horticulture free essay sample

There are numerous reasons of recycling, including cost saving, extended landfill span, resource conservation, energy conservation, economic development, pollution prevention and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years environmental benefits of recycling have become a major component of waste management programme. What is recycled water? Water recycling is a generic term for water reclamation and reuse, where the resulting water is referred to as recycled water. This term will be used throughout this document, but you might also   find a number of other terms used in the water industry. These include: †¢ Water reclamation †¢ Water recycling †¢ Water reuse †¢ Wastewater †¢ Sewage effluent †¢ Reclaimed water †¢ Grey water Water recycling can include: †¢ Recycling of wastewater from previous uses. This generally means the reclamation of water from domestic sewage effluent or municipal wastewater. These waters may be recycled from bathroom and laundry effluents (grey water), from the entire domestic sewage stream (black   water) or from municipal wastewater Recycling of water from agricultural and industry wastewater. We will write a custom essay sample on Uses of Recycled Water in Horticulture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Recycled water can be either or both of the above waters. Stormwater, greywater, rainwater and treated effluent are all alternative water supplies that, when treated as required, are suitable for a range of purposes. This can include irrigating grazing land and crops, in horticulture, industrial processing, in residential dual pipe schemes, and to keep our public and recreational spaces green. On this website, recycled water generally refers to fully treated effluent from sewage treatment plants. Recycled water is a valuable resource. It contributes to conservation of drinking quality water, improves the reliability of our water supplies, frees up water for the environment or growth, and reduces the amount of treated effluent discharged into our bays and oceans. What can recycled water be used for? Recycled water can be used for just about anything, as long as it is treated to a level to make it fit for the intended purpose, from a health and environmental perspective (Figure 3) . However, the cost of treatment may make reclamation uneconomical for some uses. Australia now has more than 580 different recycled water schemes operating, which use approximately 167 GL/year. The bulk of these schemes involve: †¢ Urban and municipal environments †¢ Households, golf courses and recreational parks. †¢ Industry †¢ Washing and cooling in power stations and mills. †¢ Agriculture †¢ Horticulture, forestry, pasture, flowers, viticulture and sugar cane. Other possible uses include: †¢ Fire fighting †¢ Groundwater recharge †¢ Municipal landscapes †¢ ‘Dual pipe’ urban uses †¢ Environmental flows and wetlands It is now also possible for advanced treatment technology to produce safe drinking (potable) water. In several countries wastewater is recycled for potable reuse via groundwater injection (e. g. Factory 21, Orange County, California, USA) or where it is added directly to surface   reservoirs (e. g. NeWater, Singapore). Such planned indirect or direct potable reuse is not currently practiced in Australia, although it is being considered by some councils with severe water shortages. Recycled water is already being used in a wide range of applications, including the irrigation of agriculture, parklands and golf courses. What is horticulture? Horticulture is the art, industry and science of plant cultivation. Horticulturists work and conduct research in the disciplines of plant propagation and cultivation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic engineering, plant biochemistry, and plant physiology. The work particularly involves fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and turf. Horticulturists work to improve crop yield, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses. Etymology The word horticulture is a 17th century English adaptation of the Latin: hortus (garden) + cultura (culture)), it is the culture or growing of garden plants. Horticulture as classically defined is the subdivision of agriculture dealing in gardening: in contrast to agronomy which deals with field crops and the production of grains and forage, and forestry which deals with forest trees and products related to them. How is recycled water defined? Recycled water is defined as water that has been treated to a fit for purpose standard for a specific application.

Evaluation Of The Play Blood Brothers By Willy Russel essays

Evaluation Of The Play Blood Brothers By Willy Russel essays Evaluation Of The production Blood Brothers The production I went to see was Blood Brothers. The version I saw was performed at the Regent Theatre and written by Willy Russell it was a scripted piece and was written for young adults as some concepts would be unsuitable for children. We watched this production because we recently performed this ourselves The production is set in Liverpool and was written in the 1980s.The production effectively shows the barrier between the different classes of people basically it is about two twins seperated when young one going to a rich family one going to a poor family, the poor mother mrs johnstone would like the twins to be friends whilst the rich mrs lyons is just as opposed the twins mickey (poor) I feel one of the main reasons why this production has been so successful is the audience enjoy watching how the characters relate to each other, as their very contrasting characters fuse. At the age of seven Eddie has been completely smothered by his parents and is exactly how his parents would want him to be. He enters in his grey school uniform, with shorts and long socks, this immediately gives the audience some information about this character, and makes it obvious who he is, as this is the first time the audience see Eddie since he was a baby. Eddie is extremely well spoken, and first introduces himself to Micky as 'Edward Lyons'. Eddie's body language is very much more controlled than Micky's, it seems as though Eddie is very much more conscious of his actions. He may act like this to show that he has not been brought up around people of his own age, and he doesn't really know how to relate to anybod...

Five ways your web writing is annoying your readers - Emphasis

Five ways your web writing is annoying your readers Five ways your web writing is annoying your readers Having a website is a wonderful thing: it allows you to confuse and  frustrate people thousands of miles away without ever having to hear their complaints. This makes it very hard to see what the problems are – and very tempting to pretend that they don’t exist. Your web pages don’t have to be like that. It all comes down to avoiding the five most common web-writing traps. Here’s how. Skip the happy talk Imagine stepping into a lift or elevator and hearing this announcement:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThank you for entering this building’s lift. We’re pleased you’ve chosen the number one lift provider in this building. To select your desired floor, please use the illuminated buttons.’ Clearly ridiculous – yet a similar thing happens on many web pages:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThank you for browsing our widgets. We are the market leaders in widgets and are dedicated to producing the best widgets for you. We’ve been making widgets since 1990. To browse our widgets, click on the links below.’ Web usability expert Steve Krug calls this kind of space-filling, meaningless text ‘happy talk’, and recommends a simple test to root it out: read it out loud. If you hear a quiet voice saying in your head ‘blah blah blah’, then it’s happy talk. In this example, the only potentially useful information is ‘To browse our widgets, click on the links below’. But if simple tasks such as browsing your site require instructions, there’s a very good chance that it’s not better phrasing you need, but more intuitive web design. Don’t be afraid of keeping text content to a minimum, if it makes things clearer. An excellent example of this is the Gov.uk site, which won the Design of the Year award in 2013. See the section for drivers as an example. There’s no happy talk or clutter, and all the links are self-explanatory. Answer the golden question Everyone visiting your web pages will have a need. This can range from the highly specific, such as a need to buy a particular product, to a vague need for distraction. You need to work out which of these needs also benefits your organisation, then tailor your website to meet them. This is hard because people can arrive in a bewildering variety of ways. Imagine a large shopping centre with an underground car park, an internal metro station, a bus-stop, a helipad, several pedestrian entrances – and, just for added complication, a few ladders leaning up against windows. Where do you greet the visitors, and how do you establish what they need? Website visitors can come from search engines, social media, reference by a friend, a link from a site, by directly typing the address into their browser after seeing an advert, or just from memory. You have no way of telling where the next one will come from, and no control over which page they see first. This means each page, by itself, needs to answer the golden question of web writing: ‘Am I in the right place?’ Within about five seconds. This is a hard test to pass. Try it for yourself: Get someone who isn’t familiar with your website to look at an important page. Ask them what they think that page is about after a few seconds. There’s a good chance you’ll be surprised by their answer. Go to FiveSecondTest.com (the free version is fine for this) and ask some anonymous people from the internet to do the same thing. If this all sounds too painful, try it on the sites of your competitors or similar organisations. You’ll be surprised at how many of them fail. This can be quite satisfying, but bear in mind that your site probably suffers from some of the same problems. People will tend to stay on your site if they think they’re in the right place – just as you’ll keep searching for what you need in a department store if you think you’re likely to find it. However, you’ll need to make sure they can find it reasonably swiftly, as anyone who’s ever stormed off in an empty-handed huff will attest. Be credible If Google is to be believed, the world is crammed full of ‘world leaders’, hundreds of thousands of them, all leading the world in something or other. A Google search for ‘world leader in the field of’ returns more than five million results. Phrases like this give no information and are not by themselves credible. They only take a few key strokes to type and anyone can claim them – and your readers know it. They will filter it out. This applies most obviously to marketing copy, where a handful of testimonials from satisfied people are worth more than anything, however wondrous, the company claims about itself. But it also applies in a more subtle way to non-marketing claims. For example, if you claim you are ‘always there to help’, then back it up by making your contact details easy to find. Make your headlines work The pressure on headlines is staggering, which makes writing them hard. But it doesn’t have to be, if you follow three rules: They must be informative. They’re the first thing the reader scans, and often the only thing they’ll bother to read, so they need to communicate essentially what the page is about. They need to be concise, to the point and short. And they have to be easy to understand for everyone in your target audience. So think twice before using industry-insider terms that a new customer may not understand. When writing a headline, keep in mind the golden question: ‘Am I in the right place?’ Your headline needs to answer that in as plain a way as possible. Gov.uk does well again here – its section covering areas as diverse as apprenticeships, school applications and university loans is summarised as ‘Education and learning’. It’s short, informative and easy to understand. The body copy (also very short) lets people know the detail. KISS with confidence Keeping it Short and Simple is a fundamental part of all professional writing, and it’s particularly important when you’re writing for the web. On the web, you’re always fighting to hold your audience’s attention (and to keep them away from the back button), so the shorter the sweeter. Also, your visitors will have different levels of English comprehension – some may have lower levels of literacy, including those for whom English is not a first language. Keeping it short and simple will help all the visitors to your site by making it easier to use and understand. This in turn increases trust, and helps your visitors achieve their goals quickly and simply. Bob’s your uncle Apply these five rules to your website, and you’ll soon see your communications becoming leaner, cleaner and more efficient. And while you may not be able to see your website visitors’ blood pressure lowering, you’ll soon start to witness the effects. When they realise they’re able to find what they’re looking for on your website quickly and easily, they’ll trust your organisation to be able to meet their needs with the same efficiency. To find out how to optimise your web writing for search engines, see  A beginner’s guide to keyword research.  For tips on how to keep it short and simple, see Three ways to tame your sentences and the  Power up with the active voice  video.

Rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Rewrite - Essay Example Once this is done potatoes are ready for automatic peeling and are washed with cold water. 4. Slicing process involves passing potatoes through a revolving impaler/presser which cuts them into proper thin slices in accordance with the required thickness. Chips are cut in regular or ridged according to the blades used. 7. At this stage, slices pass through the air jets to get their excess water removed. During this process, slices are flown into 40-75 ft. oil filled troughs at the temperature of 350-375Â °F. Paddling process push the slices along and salt is sprinkled at the rate of 1.75 lb of salt to each 100 lb of chips. As potatoes arrive daily at manufacturing plants, they are checked for quality and are stored at a constant temperature and are processed into chips. To improve the color of the final product, potatoes are also being treated chemically by some manufacturers. However, to prepare the chips, potatoes are fried into oil and are sprinkled with flake salt instead of crystal salt. 10. After cooling and sorting chips are forwarded to the packaging machine where they are measured for their weight as well as a metal detector to check any metal piece that may have been included in the potatoes or being picked up during frying process. 11. A central processing unit code on the bags, which flow down from a roll, tells the machine how much chips should be released into the bag. A bag is formed, machines throws out the proper amount of chips into the bag and bags are sealed than. 12. During this process, it is ensured that excess air is not filled into the bags due to gaps and is nitrogen is used by some manufactures in this regard. Sealed bags are collated and hand-packed into cartons. Tasting samples are made from each batch at the rate of once per hour. The overall tasting process involves checking the chips for salt, seasoning, moisture, color which is also compared to the charts to confirm acceptable chip colors and flavor. Though potato chips

Discussion board forum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Discussion board forum - Assignment Example However, there are certain advocates that indicate that this is an incorrect approach. Instead, these individuals promote the understanding that a far more effective technique is to modify the job, organizational structure, or management style as a function of reducing the impact of such stressors itself. Unfortunately, there are a number of key drawbacks with respect to this particular approach. The first of which has to do with the fact that stress itself will still be exhibited regardless of the organizational structure or approach that management might take to seeking to assuage this particular issue. As such, even if efforts are made to change the dynamic by which stress is passed on to the stakeholder, it is virtually impossible to diminish or otherwise read an entire organization or business/group of stakeholders from known stressors. Whereas it is of course admirable that firms are seeking to perform such a function as a way of shielding their employees from the detrimental physical and mental aspects that stress create, thereby considering the Golden rule and how the importance of treating others as one wishes to be treated itself is important, the difficulty and application of this particular approach is considered the fact that if stakeholders were successful in seeking to reduce the impact stress individuals at the lower end of the organizational chart, the stres s will necessarily be transferred to managers and leaders within the organization. Rather than moving the stress from one part of the organization to another, a far better approach is to understand that stress is a very real part of life and that the firm/organization/or group of stakeholders must take it upon each other to reach out and assist their fellow employees in situations in which extreme personal or departmental stress is being exhibited. In perfect application,

Compliance of Nurses with personal protective equipment

Compliance of Nurses with personal protective equipment Introduction The identification of clients with infectious diseases through the clinical and laboratory assessment is Possible, but not always be effective. Because the most of infectious diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis and other, the Microorganisms needs to the incubation period before appearance the signs and symptoms of disease on the clients, however, the probability of transmission of infection are possible in these is period. Therefore, any patient should be regarded as a potential source of infection (Hinkin and Gammon, 2008). Use of personal protective equipment is very important to prevent infectious pathogens transmitted from patient to nurse and the versa is true. Furthermore, correctly select and use of personal protective equipment is very effective to prevent transmission of infection, in addition to reduce the risks of exposure for infectious agents (Hon et al 2008). However, the health environment filled with hazards and pathogens because of that nurses should be use effective ba rrier equipment to break down any probability to contamination by infectious agent (Hinkin and Gammon, 2008). The personal protective equipments in all contents aprons, gloves, gowns, eye protection (goggles, glasses), caps, laboratory coats, resuscitation bags and face shields/mask all of this and other, are use frequently in general care settings as very important part of standard precaution (Clark et al 2002; Pratt et al 2007). The standard precautions developed gradually from the universal precautions (Hinkin and Gammon, 2008), which began as prevention agent to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens to healthcare workers (Wilson 2001). Standard precautions are evidence-based guidance designed to reduce incidence of healthcare associated infection and transmission of infections in healthcare environment (Pellow et al. 2004). Also all intervention and precautions must be applied by all healthcare workers to provide professional care and safety to all health worker and patients in health environment (Pratt et al. 2007). The Standard precautions it aim to prevent transmission of infection or at least reduce probability of transmission any infected pathogens to the lowest level between nurses and patients , also to protect the patients and healthcare workers at the same time by use standardized precautions such as personal protective equipments (Cullen et al, 2006). Damani (2003) did clarify the standard infection precautions guideline, health worker education are playing effective role to minimize major problems in the UK such as the antibiotic resistant and health care associated infections. Furthermore, the personal protective equipments as the important part of standard precautions and playing very effective role to prevent incident of healthcare associated infections, it was identified as one of the most common complications in the health care environment, recently which affects on approximately 10% of clients admitted to hospitals worldwide (Filetoth 2003), around 4-10% between hospitals in the developed countries (Nazarko 2008). Also the rate varies from 5-15% in the developing countries (Jarvis 2007). Globally, healthcare associated infections infect a patient every two minutes and the world loses one patient every two hours because of healthcare associated infections leading to non-compliance the healthcare workers with personal protective equipments use and anther standard precautions (Chief Medical Officers Report 2006). For instance, harbarth et al (2001) cleared the rate of hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers nearly 34%, and Golan et al (2006) cleared the compliance for hand hygiene before provide care nearly 10% and 36% after provide care. Therefore, some studies suggest that the use of MMS, images, videos and online education is very effective to education the health care workers and increased level of compliance and application of personal protective equipments during practice (Pullen 2006), such as Hon et al (2008) reported the rate of hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers post provide course when wear the personal protective equipment nearly 87% and 68% when taking off the personal protective equipments. The main infectious occupational risks in the healthcare environment such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Also There are some nurses more risk to transmit or received infection for or from patient such as staff nurses in surgical or operations department, because of he or she have high chances to direct contact with blood of patient and make many of specific procedures(Ganczak and Szych, 2007). Doebbeling et al (2003) did clarify the occupational blood exposure occurred frequently among the healthcare workers , also as stated in his study one-fourth to one-third of the respondents had injured by percutaneous blood exposure in the previous three months. Specifically, more than one-third of nursing had exposure more than one time to mucocutaneous blood in the previous three months. Also the exposure and injury rates to infection in health environment is vary differ according to the occupation, which depending on several factors such as the average of time spent in provide care for patient or treated of specimens, use of standard precautions during provide care, frequency use of certain devices and mostly never recapping needles. Gershon et al (1995) clarify the compliance rates among healthcare workers related for the eleven items of personal protective equipments, 97% compliance rate for gloves ; 95% for disposal of sharps; and also the compliance rate is low for others items such as 62% for wearing protective outer clothing and 63% for wearing eye protection. Therefore, Gershon et al find strongly relationship between the compliances of healthcare workers and several key factors such as perception of risk; and training on use the standard precautions as the personal protective equipments. Research questions and aims: What is the level of compliance of nursing with Personal protective equipments use? The aim for this question is to evaluate the level of compliance with Personal protective equipments use among Jordanian nurses during provides care for patients. Also to identify the level of compliance for each tool of personal protective equipments. What are the significant factors that lead to non-compliance with personal protection equipments use among Jordanian nurses during provides care? The aim for this question is to identify the significant factors that lead to non-compliance with personal protective equipments use during provides nursing care for patients. Almost all nursing interventions need to use personal protective equipment frequently during provide care for patients and especially when applying sterilizes nursing procedures for patients, Because of that this study aims to: 1-to identify mainly significant factors that led to non-compliance with personal protection equipment among Jordanian nurses during provides care. 2- To evaluate the level of compliance with Personal protective equipments use among Jordanian nurses during provides care for patients. 3- To enhance the safety for patients and caregivers in hospital in the same time. 4- To explore the gaps between knowledge and practice relater to personal protective equipments among Jordanian nursing. 5- To enhance apply the standard precautions guideline for personal protective equipments among nursing. 6- To prevent transmission of infection between the nurses and patients, also to minimise incident some of major problem in healthcare environments such as health care associated infection and antibiotic resistant. 7- To provide appropriate solutions and suggestions for these is factors. Rational of the methodology: This study was proposed to evaluate the level of compliance with Personal protective equipments use and identify the level of compliance for each tool among Jordanian nurses during provides care for patients. Also to explore the significant factors that leads to non-compliance with personal protection equipments use. However, for the above proposed research quantitative design shall be used. Quantitative researchers do not look to confirm a hypothesis, but looking forward to reject the hypothesis through the analysis of data and therefore development of statements through clarify of causal relationships (Phillips and Burbules, 2000). Moreover quantitative researches often start with a hypothesis related to phenomena to be tested and after the data are collected and analyses, support this is hypothesis or refute by clarify the relationship between the variables (Holt 2009). Furthermore, quantitative research is often used as a method trying to display causal relationships under controlled or standardized condition (Casebeer and Verhoef, 1997). Quantitative research is described as the numerical representation and processing of observations and data for the purpose of describing and explain phenomena and facts that those observations reflect. On the other hand the qualitative research is defined as the non-numerical representation and analysis of observations and data; for the purpose of determining underlying meanings and discovering the patterns of relationships (Babbie 1992). As a result the quantitative research is apply deductive approach (where data are especially collected for the purpose of hypotheses, analysis and testing ideas) rather than the qualitative research is apply inductive approach (develop the generalizations and ideas Through the data ) (Meadows 2003). Quantitative research is identified the science as objective fact or truth, different from quantitative research is identified the science depending on previous experience and thus subjectivity determined. Furthermore, quantitative research method is use numerical estimates and statistical analysis from a generalization sample related to a larger number of populations true (Casebeer and Verhoef, 1997). And thus the quantitative research involves experiments and surveys, where statistics and data are collected by using standardized methods such as structured interviews and questionnaires (Meadows 2003). On the other hand the qualitative research method is use narrative description and continual comparisons, are more often use to understand the specific sample or situations being studied (Casebeer and Verhoef, 1997). Quantitative research is an effective and necessary part of healthcare services researches; the most example of this is the controlled randomized experiment research, with its importance on experimentation and large size of sample. However, quantitative researches cover a wide broader spectrum of activity, which can contain some of small-scale descriptive studies, through to more specialization and complication studies by detect and explore the relationships between variables (Meadows 2003). Quantitative research used many of research designs for example experiments or surveys and correlational studies (Holt 2009). Also Robson (2002) classified the quantitative research to several types under the headings experimental design, quasi-experimental design and non-experimental design; however these designs sometimes are similar in several respects such as patterns of group behaviour, properties and tendencies. But meadows in (2003) classified the quantitative research strategies to two designs experimental and non-experimental designs. Also the experimental designs are characterized by the introduction or management of some variable for example randomized control trials (RCT) (Lanoe 2007). But in the non experimental designs the data are get from existing groups, for example (relational design) to consider at the relationship between a number of variables such as the scores on a pain or depression scale and age; (descriptive design) to identify the frequency and type of probl em in a specific group; (analytical design) to determination why a specific group is affected although the another is not (Meadows 2003). The qualitative studies are more complicated for generalization than the quantitative studies and more controversial. Therefore, Researchers in quantitative research rarely worry for generalizability issue. Also the goal of most qualitative studies is to present a rich of study, contextualized and considerate of human experience through the concentrated study of particular cases (Polit and Beck, 2010). Related to my aim from this is study the quantitative design is more appropriate than qualitative design. However, the designs of quantitative research are serves the proposed aims for these is study. In addition this study when looking forward to identify the relationship between the nursing compliance and personal protective equipments, identify frequency of non-compliance of nursing for the personal protective equipments and to determine which personal protective equipments more compliance and another are less compliance. And also after analyse the data will be able to identify the significant factors that lead to non-compliance with personal protective equipments use among the nursing. it was consider that the literature review could put in the picture the select of methodology and method for this study and also according to the objectives and aims of this study; in addition, this study looking forward to analysis of collected data from a largest size of sample from nurses through survey design. Thus quantitative design approach would be the most excellent approach to achieve my aims and objectives. Research methodologies: Qualitative methods The most three data collection methods common in qualitative research are interview participant observation and focus group discussions. Firstly, participant observation method the data collection in this method when the researcher watching interactions and acts of participants in a natural situation. Also perhaps the researcher has a role or task in the observation site in addition for his observation role (Greenhalgh and Taylor, 1997). Thus involve on the researcher use some of data collection techniques for example observation, interviewing and self-analysis and reflection. In addition the participant observation is aim to create a completely and specifically description of social interaction in a natural situation (Astin and Long, 2009). Also the researcher has more control on the participants especially about credibility issue and more aware about the less tangible aspects for example apathy and good will. But the participant observation the researcher might have complexity to making observe if involved in the location and recording data especially if working in busy situation such as hospital, the researcher los t the accuracy of observation if the participants might see the researcher make spying or threat (Lanoe 2007). In addition the participant observation techniques put the researcher under some particular pressure and ethical challenges (Astin and Long, 2009). Secondly, interview method is defined as the interaction and effective conversation between the researcher and participant and usually is in the form face-to-face in a natural location such as participants home or workplace (Astin and Long, 2009). Moreover the interview can give the interviewee and researcher more flexibility to express opinions, views and make dissection. But the researchers need to have communication skills of interview; Long time to collect data; difficulty in recording, analysing and coding the information; and the interviews non-confidential are not anonymous (Lanoe 2007). Quantitative methods: The most common methods to collect data in quantitative researches is the survey, which approximately always uses questionnaires, structured interviews (face-to-face or telephone), or tests and scales (Meadows 2003). Firstly, structured interview method the researcher an interviewer poses his questions exactly the same question in the same way and order on the respondent and also gives the opportunity for the researcher to filling out the answers of questionnaire (Holt 2009). But the researcher will be exposed to the same problems that face in any interview such as need to have communication skills of interview, long time to collect data and analysis, in addition difficulty to find appropriate place and time of interview especially with nurses are working in hospital (Lanoe 2007). Secondly, it was consider that the literature review could put in the picture the select of method for this study. Also and according to the objectives and aims of this study, questionnaires method approach would be the best approach to achieve the objectives and aims of this study. Questionnaires are a most method of data collection in quantitative design, also characterized mostly as relatively inexpensive; can be cover large numbers of sample by given to several participant at the same time; allow the participant a degree of privacy and answered anonymously, Therefore the participants might be more truthful. However, some famous questionnaires dont require users to get a licence from the author for use (Holt 2009). Also the questionnaires method characterized by more easier to analyse and code of data and. In addition more effectively for time to respondents and researchers especially if the respondent as the nurses working in busy area (Lanoe 2007). Nieswiadomy (2008) summarized the importance of questionnaire method by ability to provide good accurate data on population, using relatively small size of samples. In addition the advantage of questionnaire researcher can obtained large amount of data, quickly and less cost. Although, the questionnaires method needs effort to preparation and perhaps time to test validity and reliability, also some persons do not like forms. Moreover, the most limitation of questionnaire is the type of information obtained (Nieswiadomy 2008), because of some respondents might be answer casually do not bothering about their answers or trying to provide the correct answer, although the researcher cannot ask the respondent to clarification their answers (Lanoe 2007). Literature review: The purpose of the literature review is to explore and clarify the recently study, knowledge, standardise precautions guideline and theory on the compliance of nurses with personal protective equipments use, in other hand to clarify the significant factors that lead to non-compliance for it among nurses. Moreover it was considered that the literature review would inform the select of most appropriate research design and method for this study. The literature search for this study which will be using computerized databases by Athens log-in: Medline, CINAHL, Ovid, SAGE, Cochrane Database and the Evidence-Based Medicine. In addition, specific online journals as in Science Direct journal, Medscape Nurses, Medpulse Journal, BioMed central articles, Journal of advanced Nursing, BMJ Journals. Furthermore, have been limited set for each data base: date range between1996-2010, related for nursing, full text articles and journals. To provide the recently studies, information and researchers on the compliances of nurses with personal protective equipments ; and to grow deeper in topic of this study more analytically and Informatics, in addition to devise the best methods used for the same of this study; read and analyse some of the used questionnaires, and perhaps use one of their. Additional reviewing included the WHO, NHS, Jordanian Ministry of Health, and Jordanian Nursing and Midwife Council. A manual search also undertaken by examining the reference list at the end of the articles found and those that were relevant were followed through. So as to get at the latest statistics and numerical and ratio analysis to benefit of their in this study, accordingly, building of some comparative studies and explore some of the causal relations between the personal protective equipment tools and the compliances of nursing and in addition to clarify the significant factors that led to non-compliances with personal protective equipments and support that by statistically rates. Also and one of literature review strategy is critically read and analyse for text books references about nursing research, standard precaution, personal protective equipment and nursing guideline. The key words used were Nursing Personal protective equipment, Standard precaution, Nursing safety, Qualitative and quantitative research, qualitative research, quantitative research, Nursing compliance, guideline, Jordanian nursing, Knowledge, practice, attitude According to the topic, formulated questions, objectives and aims of this study the literature review clarify the picture about select of methodology and method for this study and also after the literature review has been seen on some of the questionnaires used in the same study and how collected and what the questions that used in the questionnaires. In addition, identify the most significant factors effect on the compliances of healthcare workers with personal protective equipments use.

The Justice Game – Truth Essay

†¢How does the prosecution and defense each represent the truth? †¢Values and attitudes of the participants? †¢Robertson’s values and representation of the truth? Truth can be represented in differing ways according to the values and attitudes of the persona whose representation of truth is being expressed. Throughout Geoffrey Robertson’s The Justice Game the responder is convinced to accept the composer’s representation of truth through the use of composing techniques such as the short story structure, Robertson’s social status, various language techniques, symbolism and the use of examples and quotations to back up Robertson’s statements. The perspective on truth held by the other participants in each trial is however also included. The term ‘truth’ refers to accurately placing information in accordance with fact or reality. The ‘truth’ in The Justice Game is essentially about revealing to its readers â€Å"What is kept from the public, and what the public wish to be kept from†. Each case was chosen by Robertson to provide different representations of the ‘truth’ based on different values and attitudes. The short story structure allows many themes relevant to society to be coherently included in one text. Through the eyes of Robertson people have the opportunity to see the ‘truth’ in these highly publicised cases from the perspective of a learned and involved man. Robertson is assumed to be a reliable source of truth by the average reader, because he is a celebrated lawyer and has been chosen to represent people as high profiled as the â€Å"Princess of Wales†. The genre and format of the text represent certain qualities to the reader, along with the social status of Robertson which in turn, act to convince them that what is written is true. The Trials of Oz† is a case that took place in 1971 against Richard Neville, Jim Anderson, and Felix Dennis, editors of the infamous underground Oz magazine. The controversy arose from the prosecution’s perspective that the material in the magazine was detrimental and corruptive to society of that time. In particular the comic strip satirizing Rupert the Bear elaborately renamed Rupert the Bare, and a small adverti sement titled Suck. The prosecution represents the truth through a traditional method of attack that shows Leary’s Victorian image. Brian Leary representing the prosecution draws on the jury’s traditional background to make them empathize with his perspective of the truth that the Oz magazine was an indecent article. Leary discredits witnesses with his â€Å"insinuatingly effective† cross- examinations. The defense and Oz magazine were branded as the ‘alternative society’ in order to alienate them in the jury’s mind, and to make the jury feel unwilling to belong to the defence and therefor the ‘alternative society’. The prosecution feels that the ‘alternative society’ has no respect for the accepted values and attitudes of ‘normal society’. The ‘alternative society’ is described to worship sex until it reaches the ultimate stage of â€Å"fucking on the streets†. This is an example of the generalisations made which portray the ‘alternative society’ as unattractive and distasteful to be a part of. The Defence on the other hand, use high profiled witnesses and statistics, such as the pornography survey conducted on married couples, to highlight the harmless nature of the Oz magazine. John Mortimer representing the defence, undermines the seriousness of the trial through his permissive attitude towards life. The defence lightens the atmosphere with comical jokes such as when Leary asked Dixon how old he thought Rupert the Bare was, he replied â€Å"I’m not an expert in determining Bears’ ages†¦ maybe you are more familiar in the field? † This aids in reducing the seriousness of the accusations. He trivialises the magazine by referring to it as a â€Å"schoolboy prank† or â€Å"cheeky criticism†, and thus considerably plays down the charges. The language technique of using humour makes the whole trial appear as a joke. The composer states that â€Å"Perhaps the best thing about Oz is that they just don’t have trials like that anymore. † Robertson’s representation of the truth toward the Oz magazine is that he sees it as cheeky but not harmful. Experts are used as witnesses to portray the defendants as essentially guiltless, and to make the prosecution’s arguments appear groundless, based on confusion tactics and unreality. Robertson constantly undermines and discredits most people who hold power in the establishment. This is represented in his ridicule of Judge Argyle as he points out the mistakes he made when sentencing, and how he portrays judge Argyle as narrow minded and unreasonable. The composer shows himself as an advocate of new society through his belief that the trial is merely a â€Å"collision of cultural incomprehension†, with the older generation symbolised by Judge Argyle, being unable to understand the revolutionary notions held by the younger generation. This is shown by his constant criticism of the judge, whose inability to comprehend contemporary vernacular and general knowledge is stressed repeatedly, effectively conveyed through the misunderstanding of the phrase â€Å"right on† and the sexual act of â€Å"cunnilingus†. Robertson aligns himself with the values of his target audience, the working class and lower middle classes, allowing the reader to identify with him. Consequently the reader is content to allow Robertson to represent their opinions as they are convinced that the authors representation of ‘truth’ is correct, although being subjected to other representations of the ‘truth’ as well. Robertson’s main argument in â€Å"Michael X on Death Row† was that â€Å"the death penalty was, in itself, a cruel and unusual punishment† Robertson’s representation of ‘truth’ in this instance is that prolonged stay on death row amounted to cruelty and was contrary to the Bill of Rights. Robertson, a Civil Libertarian, believes that there is only hope in the courts and not in politics, and that his strong stances on humanity can only be achieved through battling the government to change the law, in court. Robertson states that he is â€Å"passionately in favour of the incorporation into British law, the European Convention on human rights. † This fact and Michael’s ordeal are what brought about the battle to save death row inmates, that Robertson endured for twenty- years. Robertson repeatedly reminds the reader of the longevity of his battle to abolish capital punishment in commonwealth countries, which reflects his slightly egotistical nature but also symbolically reminds the reader of the many years spent by inmates on death row. As a young lawyer when Robertson took up this case, he was highly idealist and his interest in the case was genuine. The prosecution refutes the defences statement that â€Å"prolonged stay on death row is inhumane† arguing that in many cases the reason for long delays before executions are the self- induced delays of last minute desperate appeals on their behalf from their lawyers. The prosecution continues that innocent people were never convicted and â€Å"All murder convictions are approved by the finest judges in the world,† and deserved their sentence. The defence represents the ‘truth’ of capital punishment being â€Å"unbecoming to human dignity. † They evoke emotion and sympathy from the reader and the courts through phrasing death with terms such as â€Å"human sacrifice† and using emotive language. Robertson aids this cause through colourful analogies such as comparing his visit to see Michael X to that of seeing the rarest species of animal at the zoo. The defence believes that although their immediate client Michael X cannot be saved, they are helping countries through the progression of their constitutions. Robertson presents this case in a very biased manor, creating a strong sympathetic feeling in the reader towards the â€Å"solemn, vulnerable member of the living dead† Michael X. Throughout the story Michael X is referred to as simply â€Å"Michael† establishing that the inmate is a changed man. Robertson presents Michael X to be the victim and the state to be the villain, which once again portrays his distain for authority evident in his other stories. A detailed description of the process of execution is given which adds to Robertson’s view that capital punishment goes against the European conventions of humanity. The crime committed by Michael X is only referred to a whole ten pages into the story, after creating a sense of innocence to the character of â€Å"Michael†, and the crime itself is not given any real importance by Robertson. This is a technique used to portray other ‘truths’ as such, whilst convincing the reader to conform to Robertson’s representation of the ‘truth’ and not letting the reader believe the alternate ‘truth’. All the descriptions of death row are negative, prejudiced by Robertson’s opposition to capital punishment. As the subject matter is a serious one dealing with capital punishment, Robertson has chosen the use of an objective and serious tone of voice in contrast to â€Å"The Trials of Oz† which is presented in a more light- hearted tone to emphasise the undermining of the charges. The first person narrative structure allows the ‘truth’ to be told from a different and more reliable source than â€Å"The Trials of Oz† as Robertson is more learned in this case, as he was personally involved. This however, brings about the technique of employing one- sided story telling to build the character of Michael X as a victim of the out dated death row execution system, and emphasises that â€Å"He was a different man; four years on. † Through the technique of careful positioning of facts, Robertson persuades the reader to agree with his representation of the ‘truth’. He appeals to the readers humanity and convinces them to sympathise with Michael X, by showing the inhumanity and immorality of the execution system through illustrations of exaggerated cruelty of the ghoulish rituals performed before and during execution. In Sylvia Plath’s poem The Mirror, the personification of the mirror stands as the objective endorser of truth. The mirror tells the responder that it is â€Å"not cruel, only truthful,† that it has no other purpose but to â€Å"reflect† the physical appearance of the female body, as a lake would do. This is expressed through the metaphorical statement â€Å"Now I am a lake. † Personification allows the â€Å"mirror† to make unbiased and â€Å"exact† observations and through these we come to understand the importance of appearance to the woman. The woman â€Å"searches my (mirror’s) reaches for what she really is†, conveying Plath’s representation of the ‘truth’ that to the woman, her true self is based purely on her external appearance. The â€Å"mirror† describes itself as having no â€Å"preconceptions† allowing it to simply reflect the unbiased reflection of a woman’s physical appearance, unlike candles and the moon, which are said to be â€Å"liars† as they cast mellow lights that can distort the reflection from the truth of daylight. Plath metaphorically likens the mirror to â€Å"The eye of a little god†, emphasising the power that it has over the emotional state of the woman who ironically â€Å"rewards (the mirror) with tears and an agitation of hands† acknowledging the importance of the mirror to her, and its â€Å"faithful† reflecting of her true physical appearance. The poem is a comment on society’s fixation on image. Plath exposes the truth about aging: the resentment and rejection of it, especially through the continuation of the water imagery that the â€Å"mirror† asserts that in it the woman has â€Å"drowned a young girl†, and â€Å"an old woman/ Rises†, to devour the ageing woman â€Å"like a terrible fish. † This simile provides a grotesque image of old age. The use of the mirror in the poem is in fact an extended metaphor with the mirror possessing the power to reflect image. The poem endorses the importance of image that rectifies the truth about oneself as it best sees fit. Unlike â€Å"The Trials of Oz,† The Mirror is not written in a comical and light- hearted tone. It is written in an objective tone of voice as Plath takes on the persona of a mirror to seriously describe its value to the woman. Both texts are however, are relatively unprejudiced in their representations of the ‘truth’. The reflective essay Southpaw by Ken Willis, portrays a representation by a â€Å"side-lined† left- hander that left handed people are discriminated against by contemporary society. The persona sees himself as â€Å"discriminated against† because he is a â€Å"southpaw†. The essay is light- hearted and satirical, but nonetheless the â€Å"left- handers are forced to live in a world designed for right- handers. † A series of humorous anecdotes are included to portray the disadvantages faced by the left- handed â€Å"subordinate group. † The accepted values and attitudes of the right- handed society include the acceptance of the downgrading of the â€Å"subordinate group†, as common phrases used in everyday speech are coined with an underlying prejudice against the left side. Colloquial phrases among Australians such as â€Å"she’ll be right† are used as examples within this reflective essay to support the notion that left- handers are discriminated against by the â€Å"Right handers, as members of the dominant group. † In this phrase however, the literal meaning of the word ‘right’ is to be correct, not the right side as Willis has understood it. This shows that the absolute truth in the Australian phrase has been distorted to reveal Willis’ representation of the ‘truth’. The literal meanings of the word ‘right’ in Latin and French, is however included to reiterate Willis’ perspective that right- handers are able to enjoy the sub- conscious discrimination of left- handers. The word ‘right’ means â€Å"endowed with dexterity† in Latin, and â€Å"adroit and experts in the use of hand and mind† in French. Willis takes his case of accusing society of discriminating against left- handers by bringing in Christian religious connotations. He describes right- handers as â€Å"sit(ting) at the right hand of God† whilst exclaiming that â€Å"those who sit on the left are ‘cursed into the eternal fire. ’† These expressions are once again taken out of the context in which they are used, and are exploited by Willis to aid in his representation of the ‘truth’. The biased qualities seen in this reflective essay is not unlike â€Å"Michael X on Death Row† as both Robertson and Willis attempt to distort the absolute truth into evidence to support their own representations of the ‘truth’. The tone of voice however differs greatly as Southpaw is written in a more comical manor than the serious tone of â€Å"Michael X on Death Row. † Through the study of the above named texts, different representations of the ‘truth’ can be identified with depending on the influence of certain values and attitudes possessed by the participants involved with the text. It is shown that the absolute truth, in terms of information that is accurately placed in accordance with fact or reality, can be manipulated and twisted by the composer in order to portray their representation of the ‘truth’. A certain enlightenment is provided in dealing with prejudiced and biased material, as persuasive techniques employed by the composers are also revealed. As a Civil Libertarian, Robertson passionately believes that the Law can humble the most powerful: governments and wealthy private litigants such as the Princess of Wales. The law permits justice, meaning the side with the best case, to be gained through equal opportunity. Robertson presents his representation of the ‘truth’ about what he elaborately coins â€Å"The Justice Game†.

Hope for Ramatoulaye in So Long Letter by Mariama Ba - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 632 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2018/12/29 Category Literature Essay Type Book review Level High school Tags: Letter Essay Novel Essay Did you like this example? According to Ba, Mariama (7), the main character for Mariama Bas So Long Letter is Ramatoulaye. From the text, we learn that Ramatoulaye has written a letter to Assiatou who is her best friend expressing herself and how she plans to carry out her new life after acing all she went through. All the situations encountered by Ramatoulaye are spoken about and described in the letter. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hope for Ramatoulaye in So Long Letter by Mariama Ba" essay for you Create order We therefore get to know the right portray of Ramatoulaye. For instance, she makes a transition from her careless dependence on anyones love and trust to becoming a purely an independent lady and cares about her needs in a better way to an extent of becoming other peoples skeptical. Ramatoulayes change is expressed right from the time of meeting her future husband till the death time. Ramatoulayes uniqueness is that she believed in love too much. For instance, even when she meets her second husband, she loves him with all her heart. Her soul expresses that there exists only one soul mate at her time of love. However, Ramatoulaye later come to discover that it is not always true about what she thinks in her heart especially when she faces reality in her life. For example, Ramatoulaye states, Modou Fall knew many undefinable things which gorofied and sealed our relationship (Ba 13). Ramatoulaye changes her way of dung things and treats the all those who come to mourn the death of her husband well without considering discomforts from her culture and religious laws. Ramatoulaye meets all of them and had courage to operate within them. This marks the first glimpses specific renewal of courage and stoicism. Furthermore, she doesnt have any ill of Binetou who is known to have had a lovely affair with her husband or over five years. Similarly, Ramatoulaye is ready to participate in modernization of Senegal at her later ages in her effort to progress Senegal to a higher operational level. She calls for eternal debate she believes a solution will be found because she understands that she cannot offer solution her herself. Also, Ramatoulaye finds more fulfillments in Aissatou where they remain in their profession and friendship. They continue in maintaining theirsacred convention joined duties as wives without any clashes as it was common when their husband Modou was living. Furthermore, Ramatoulaye is too concerned about taking care of her children, Aissatou and Mawdo in her effort to make them greater people. She later succeeds because later Aissatou leaves her married, goes back to taking education till he acquires a degree in interpretation which enables him secure a job at the embassy of Senegal in America. Ramatoulaye also continues to advise Mawdo to focus on her life than continuing to get children with Nabou despite the misery experienced between them. Similarly, Aunty Nabou and Ramatoulayes guardianship enables young Nabou to get a French school enrolment Preston, Oliver.So Long a Letter Chapter 13. Specifically, Ramatoulaye is now too enlightened that she sees education as the only thing to for better future. She makes emphasis to Binetou to follow the steps Aissau followed to become successful when she left Mawdo. Ramatoulaye speaks with all the understanding of how Senegal society makes it difficult for one to succeed especially for women to maintain both professional life and home as well. Lastly, Ramatoulaye hates those who uphold the cultural practices such as when Binetou submits to the demands of her family to be married according to the cultural custom. Therefore, Ramatoulaye positively changes her life great by a greater positive margin. Works cited Preston, Oliver. So Long a Letter Plot Summary. LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 30 Nov 2016. Web. 7 Dec 2017. Preston, Oliver. So Long a Letter Chapter 13. LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 30 Nov 2016. Web. 7 Dec 2017. Ba, Mariama.? So long a letter. Waveland Press, 2012. Ba, Mariama. So Long a Letter, trans. Modupe Bode-Thomas. (1981).